Reference soil United States of America 01: Podzol

US001

Podzols mainly occur in cool temperate and moist regions on coarse textured materials. Areas of Podzols have also been recorded from wet, tropical regions, notably the Amazon basin, southern central Africa and southeast Asia.

Characteristics

Soils having a spodic horizon (a dark coloured subsurface horizon with illuvial amorphous alumino-organic substances) within 200 cm from the soil surface, underlying an albic, histic, umbric or ochric horizon, or an anthropedogenic horizon less than 50 cm thick. Podzols are probably the most extensively researched group of soils.

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil US001: Podzols

LAND USE: limited cultivation to general crops or to hay, pasture or trees. On steeper soils trees and pastures.

Classification

WRB 1998

Haplic- Podzol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Haplic Podzol

Orthic Podzol

Local classification:	Kalashka sand

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Haplorthod
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Haplorthod udic sandy siliceous frigid

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
5-28	-	0	3	46	42	1	92	3	2	5	3
28-37	-	0	3	41	44	3	91	3	3	6	4
37-55	-	1	2	45	41	3	91	3	2	5	4
55-93	-	0	2	45	44	2	93	2	1	3	4
93-135	-	0	6	70	22	1	99	1	1	2	0

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
5-28	-	-	-	-	3
28-37	-	-	-	-	4
37-55	-	-	-	-	4
55-93	-	-	-	-	4
93-135	-	-	-	-	0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
5-28	5.0	3.6	-	-	0.27	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
28-37	4.6	3.6	-	-	1.44	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
37-55	4.8	4.0	-	-	1.41	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
55-93	5.1	4.2	-	-	0.92	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
93-135	5.7	4.6	-	-	0.07	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
5-28	-	1.1	-	-	-	-	-
28-37	-	9.3	-	-	-	-	-
37-55	-	9.4	-	-	-	-	-
55-93	-	8.7	-	-	-	-	-
93-135	-	1.2	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
5-28	-	-	-	0.01	-	0.04	0	0	0	0.02	0
28-37	-	-	-	0.13	-	0.42	0.13	0.34	0.16	1.04	0.3
37-55	-	-	-	0.47	-	0.31	0.34	0.2	0.34	1.25	0.22
55-93	-	-	-	0.41	-	0.15	0.29	0.06	0.25	0.86	0.08
93-135	-	-	-	0.05	-	0.06	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.03	0.01

Profile description

O 0-5 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)black (10YR 2/1, moist),Description sand,organic highly,single grain,weak medium granular,very friable,loose,abrupt irregular boundary to,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bh 28-37 cm	(5YR 2/2, moist)Description sand,weak medium subangular blocky,very friable,broken strongly cemented ortstein pans,abrupt irregular boundary to,
Bhs 37-55 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)Description sand,weak medium subangular blocky,very friable,broken strongly cemented ortstein pans,clear irregular boundary to,
55-93 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)Description sand,weak coarse subangular blocky,very friable,broken weakly cemented ortstein pans,gradual wavy boundary to,
C 93-135 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)Description sand,single grain,loose,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial outwash
Remarks on Parent Materials	outwash, till and moraines
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	NATIVE VEGETATION: northern hardwoods, including sugar maple, ash, paper birch, yellow birch, elm, aspen, red and white pine
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous forest

Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	glacial plain
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-130cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	medium

You are here

Reference soil United States of America 01: Podzol

Characteristics

Reference soil US001: Podzols

Classification